Emotion

At Element Human, we focus on building the behavioral features that underpin emotion models.  That means we track facial expressions as people interact with their digital environments.

While emotional states and the Ekman model are used, we warn against using these for empirical metrics.  The most relevant feature is intensity of expression.  The interpretation of that impression is subject to much debate.

• Predict which parts of the experience are most emotionally memorable
• Demonstrate the type of reaction occurring throughout the interaction
• Identify the key moments of engagement
• Identify the areas that are dull and not reaction enducing

1. Basic Emotion Theory: Proposed by Paul Ekman, this theory suggests that there are six basic emotions - happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and surprise - which are universal across cultures.
2. Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions: Robert Plutchik’s model identifies eight primary emotions - anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, anticipation, trust, and joy. These emotions are positioned on a wheel and can combine to form complex feelings.
3. OCC Model: Developed by Ortony, Clore, and Collins, this model categorizes emotions based on three main factors: the event that caused the emotion, the object of the emotion, and the internal state of the person experiencing the emotion.
4. Geneva Emotion Wheel: Developed by Klaus Scherer and colleagues, this model is a tool used to help people more accurately identify and communicate their emotions. It consists of a circular arrangement of emotions, with related emotions placed close to each other.
5. The Berkeley Model (Dacher Keltner): Developed by Dacher Keltner at UC Berkeley, this model focuses on the social-functional aspects of emotions, emphasizing how emotions play a role in social interactions and relationships.
6. PAD Emotional State Model: This model, developed by Mehrabian and Russell, uses three dimensions - Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance - to describe and categorize emotions.
7. Stanford Emotions: This refers to the work done at Stanford University, particularly in the area of affective computing and human-computer interaction, focusing on understanding and processing human emotions, though a specific “Stanford model” of emotions is less well-defined in the academic literature.